The straw stage is the earliest visible symptom of the European pine
sawfly.
Note how the young larvae remove all but a slender straw when they
defoliate pine needles. Each of the small black headed larvae near the
thumb in the picture will grow up to an inch.
Sawflies will pupate and produce
a leathery case.
Only straws are left of the leaf needles when
the sawflies have not been controlled.
The top larva is a caterpillar. Note how it
has far fewer prolegs that the lower larvae, The white larva is a red
headed pine sawfly.