Pesticide Update 2002

Cliff Sadof
Purdue University, Department of Entomology
http://www.entm.purdue.edu/Entomology/research/cs

Losses of popular pesticides after the implementation of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) are likely to change how you currently control insect and mite pests. These notes, distilled from a presentation made at the 2002 Indiana Nursery and Landscape Association Trade Show are intended to familiarize you with new insecticides that hit the market in the past few years.

For specific control recommendations please refer to the following web sites:

Purdue Extension Entomology Fact Sheets

http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/ext/targets/e-series/ornament.htm

2002 North Carolina Insect and mite controls for woody plants, flowers and turf

http://ipmwww.ncsu.edu/agchem/chptr5.html

1997 Ohio Insect and mite controls for woody plants and herbaceous perennials

http://ohioline.ag.ohio-state.edu/b504/index.html

These notes are organized into 3 sections:

Impacts of FQPA
Non Organophosphate (OP) or Carbamate Insecticides and Miticides
Using New Tools for Key Pests

1. Impacts of FQPA

Impacts on Popular Pesticides

Losses of� most urban uses:

� Chlorpyrifos (Dursban and others)

� Diazinon

� Bendiocarb (Ficam) (Turcam)

Urban uses under review:

� Acephate (Orthene, Address)

� Carbaryl (Sevin, and others)

FQPA and Chlorpyrifos

� Home owner uses cancelled 12-31-01

� Now a restricted use product for ornamentals

- Need pesticide license

- Can�t be used near children (=most urban areas, except Golf courses, Road medians)

� Agriculture, Christmas Tree, Nursery Use Still Allowed

FQPA and Diazinon

� Phase out and cancel all outdoor, residential, lawn and garden use by 2003

� Reduced Agricultural Use

FQPA and Bendiocarb

� Registrants voluntarily cancelled registration

� Uses cancelled by December 31, 2001

General Use Pesticide Niches

Material�� Action�� Residual�� Niche�

Diazinon�� Contact�� moderate�� none

Dursban�� Contact�� long�� borers, BVW

Bendiocarb �� Systemic�� long�� BVW, BBB�� leaf miners

Acephate�� Foliar Systemic.� �� moderate�� Suckers, leaf miners

Carbaryl�� Contact�� moderate�� borers

* BVW= Black Vine Weevil; BBB= Bronze Birch Borer

Many alternatives exist for Diazinon Foliar Sprays

� Pyrethroids

� Carbamates

� Insect growth regulators

� Microbial materials

Meeting the Borer Challenge without Dursban

� Sevin SL

� Astro EC (permethrin) Professional Use

� Spectracide Bug Stop (permethrin) �� Homeowner Use

� Cygon, dimethoate (systemic drench)

� Imidacloprid products (some potential, but jury is still out)

� Lindane

� Hard to get

Meeting the Black Vine Weevil Challenge without Bendiocarb

� Merit/Marathon, (Grubs � Professional Use)

� Bayer Advanced -imidacloprid (Grubs - Homeowners)

� Talstar Nursery (Grubs in containers)

� Pyrethroids (Adults)

�� -Talstar, Scimitar, Battle, Mavrik, �� Deltagard

� Orthene (Adults)

� Bayer Advanced

2. Insect Control without OP or Carbamate Neurotoxins

� Pyrethroids

� Chloronicotinyl

� Insect Growth Regulators

� Microbials

� Stylet inhibitors

� Oils, Soaps

Pyrethroids

� Bifenthrin� (Talstar)�� *M

� Cyfluthrin� (Decathalon)� *HO

� Deltamethrin� (Deltagard)

� Fluvalinate�� (Mavrik)� *HO

� Lamda -Cyhalothrin (Scimitar, Battle) *M

� Permethrin (Astro, Spectracide)�� B, HO

M = miticide ;�� B = borers;��

*HO= Products available for home owners

Pyrethroid Properties

� Contact insecticides that act as neurotoxin

� Chemistry based on botanical extracts of Pyrethrum

� Long Residuals

� Toxic to fish and cats

� Toxic to bees

� Low mammalian toxicity

Chloronicotynils

�� Imidacloprid (Merit, Marathon)

�� Thiamethoxam (Flagship, Meridian) (not yet labeled 1/2002)

Chloronicotynil Properties

� Neurotoxins with action similar to chlorinated hydrocarbons

� Low mammalian toxicity

� Low duration of environmental persistence

Merit/Marathon (Bayer, Olympic)

�� Active ingredient: Imidacloprid

� Action: Soil applied systemic, Foliar, Injected

� Target: Honeydew producing insects, beetle larvae, Leaf miners, pine tip moth,

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� �Compatibility with beneficial insects: Mod

� Other Stuff:� Long Residual in plants gives control for months.

Flagship/Meridian (Syngenta)

�� Active ingredient: Thiamethoxam

� Action: Soil applied systemic, Foliar, Injected,

� Target: Honeydew producing insects, beetle larvae, Leaf miners, pine tip moth.�

� Labeled Sites: NOT YET LABELED (1/2002)

� Compatibility with beneficial insects: Mod

� Other Stuff:� Long Residual in plants gives control for months.

Insect Growth Regulators

� Cyromazine� = Citation

� Diflubenzuron = Dimilin

� Fenoxycarb� = Precision

� Halofenozide = Mach 2(only turf for now)

� Tebufenozide�� = Confirm

� Pyriproxifen� = Distance

� Neem, Azadirachtin

Insect Growth Regulators

� Kill immature insects as they develop, by either disrupting the moulting process, or by producing sterile adults.

� All but neem products can kill shell-fish.

� Do not apply near streams.

� Somewhat compatible with biological control.

Distance IGR (Valent)

� Active ingredient: Pyriproxyfen

� Target: Armored scales, whiteflies, fungus gnats, shore flies

� Target Stage: Immatures, crawlers, settlers

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill parasitoids already in pupal stage

� Other stuff:� Lamellar systemic

Confirm (Dow Agrosciences)

� Active ingredient: Tebufenozide

� Target: Caterpillars, Gypsy moth, Pine Tip Moth

� Target Stage: Young larvae

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Only kills caterpillars

� Other stuff:� Long Residual

Mach 2 (Dow Agrosciences)

� Active ingredient: Halofenozide

� Target: White Grubs, Caterpillars

� Target Stage: Young larvae

� Labeled Sites: Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Only kills immature stages

� Other stuff:� Long residual in turf

Citation (Syngenta)

� Active ingredient: Cyromazine

� Target: Fly leaf miners (only allowed landscape use);Fungus gnats, shore flies, fly leaf miners

�� (Interiorscape, lath-house, greenhouse)

� Target Stage: Young larvae

� Compatibility with beneficials: Does not kill parasitoids already in pupal stage

Dimilin (Uniroyal)

� Active ingredient: Diflubenzuron

� Target: Caterpillars, Gypsy moth, Zimmerman pine moth

� Target Stage: Young larvae

� Labeled Sites: Nursery, Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill parasitoids already in pupal stage

� Other stuff:� Long Residual

Precision� (Syngenta)

� Active ingredient: Fenoxycarb

� Target: whiteflies, soft scales, fungus gnats, shoreflies, caterpillar leaf miners, honeylocust pod gall midge

� Target Stage: Young larvae

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill parasitoids already in pupal stage

Microbial Pesticides

� Toxins produced by bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes, are formulated into product.

� Avermectin

� Spinosad

� BT

Conserve, Bulls-Eye Bio-insecticide, Fertilome Caterpillar and Bagworm Killer(Dow AgroSciences)

� Active ingredient: Spinosad

� Action: Lamellar systemic

� Target: Many caterpillars, sawflies, leaf beetles (not JB), tip moths, thrips, gall midges, fly leaf miners (not BLM), cat fleas

� Labeled Sites: Nursery, Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Homeowner formulation called Bulls-Eye Bioinsecticide

� Compatibility with beneficial insects: Mod-Hi

� Short residual, Does not kill predatory mites, minute pirate bugs, lacewings, or ladybeetles.� May kill flying parasitic wasps.

Avid (Syngenta)

� Active ingredient: Abamectin

� Action: Lamellar systemic, injection

� Target: Spider mites, leaf miners, aphids, thrips, whiteflies

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects: Low��

BT- (many companies)

� Active ingredient: Bacillus thuringiensis

� Action: Contact

� Target: Caterpillar� OR Fly OR Beetle larvae

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape

� Compatibility with beneficial insects: High

� 4 Hr REI

Stylet Inhibitors

Endeavor (Syngenta)

�Active ingredient: Pymetrozine

�Action: Contact

�Target: Aphids, Whiteflies

�Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

�Compatibility with beneficial insects: Mod��

�

New Miticides

Selective, Easy on Beneficials, Long residual

� Floramite, Ovation, Hexygon, Vendex,

� �Akari, (greenhouse only)

Short� residual

� Oil, Soap

Rescue Treatments, Not Selective

� Talstar, Scimitar, Battle, Avid, Sanmite

� Pylon (greenhouse only)

Miticides- Floramite (Uniroyal)

� Active ingredient: Bifenazate

� Target: Spider and Clover Mite families

� Target Stage: All mobile stages (not eggs)

Except -Two spotted spider mites eggs (Tetranychus)

� Residual activity 3-4 weeks

� Labeled sites:� Exterior Landscapes

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill predatory mites, or rust, broad, or flat mites that serve as prey

Miticides- Ovation SC (Scotts)

� Active ingredient: Clofentazine

� Target: Spider and Clover Mite Families

� Target Stage: Eggs and newly hatched

� Residual activity 3-4 weeks

� Labeled sites: Greenhouse & Nursery Production

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill predatory mites, or rust, broad, or flat mites that serve as prey

Miticides- Hexygon (Gowan)

� Active ingredient: Hexythiazox

� Target: Spider and Clover Mite Families

� Target Stage: Eggs and newly hatched

� Labeled sites:� Labeled sites:� All ornamentals, EXCEPT interiorscapes

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� Does not kill predatory mites, or� rust, broad, or flat mites that serve as prey

Miticides- Vendex (Griffin)

� Active ingredient: Fenbutatin- oxide

� Target: Mites

� Target Stage: All mobile stages

� Takes 7-10 days to kill

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� moderate toxicity to beneficials

Miticides- Avid (Syngenta)

� Active ingredient: Abamectin

� Target: Mites, leaf miners, aphids, thrips, whiteflies

� Target Stage: All stages but eggs

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape, Turf

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� kills predatory mites, or� rust, broad, or flat mites that serve as their prey

Miticides- Sanmite (BASF)

� Active ingredient: Pyradiben

� Target: Mites, whiteflies

� Target Stage: All stages but eggs

� Labeled Sites: Nursery,Greenhouse, Christmas tree Production, Landscape, Interiorscape

� Compatibility with beneficial insects:

� kills predatory mites, or� rust, broad, or flat mites that serve as their prey

For specific control recommendations please refer to the following web sites:

These notes are organized into 3 sections:

1. Impacts of FQPA

Impacts on Popular Pesticides

Losses of� most urban uses:

� Chlorpyrifos (Dursban and others)

� Diazinon

� Bendiocarb (Ficam) (Turcam)

Urban uses under review:

� Acephate (Orthene, Address)

� Carbaryl (Sevin, and others)

FQPA and Chlorpyrifos

� Home owner uses cancelled 12-31-01

� Now a restricted use product for ornamentals

- Need pesticide license

- Can�t be used near children (=most urban areas, except Golf courses, Road medians)

� Agriculture, Christmas Tree, Nursery Use Still Allowed

FQPA and Diazinon

� Phase out and cancel all outdoor, residential, lawn and garden use by 2003

� Reduced Agricultural Use

FQPA and Bendiocarb

� Registrants voluntarily cancelled registration

� Uses cancelled by December 31, 2001

General Use Pesticide Niches

Material��������� Action����������������������� Residual�������������������� Niche�

Diazinon�������� Contact��������������������� moderate������������������ none

Dursban�������� Contact��������������������� long���������������������������� borers, BVW

Bendiocarb �� Systemic������������������� long���������������������������� BVW, BBB���� leaf miners

Acephate������ Foliar Systemic.� ����� moderate������������������ Suckers, leaf miners

Carbaryl��������� Contact��������������������� moderate������������������ borers

Many alternatives exist for Diazinon Foliar Sprays

� Pyrethroids

� Carbamates

� Insect growth regulators

� Microbial materials

Meeting the Borer Challenge without Dursban

� Sevin SL

� Astro EC (permethrin) Professional Use

� Spectracide Bug Stop (permethrin) ���� Homeowner Use

� Cygon, dimethoate (systemic drench)

� Imidacloprid products (some potential, but jury is still out)

� Lindane

� Hard to get

Meeting the Black Vine Weevil Challenge without Bendiocarb

� Merit/Marathon, (Grubs � Professional Use)

� Bayer Advanced -imidacloprid (Grubs - Homeowners)

� Talstar Nursery (Grubs in containers)

� Pyrethroids (Adults)

����������� -Talstar, Scimitar, Battle, Mavrik, �� Deltagard

� Orthene (Adults)

� Bayer Advanced

� Pyrethroids

� Chloronicotinyl

� Insect Growth Regulators

� Microbials

� Stylet inhibitors

� Oils, Soaps

Pyrethroids

� Bifenthrin� (Talstar)��� *M

� Cyfluthrin� (Decathalon)� *HO

� Deltamethrin� (Deltagard)

� Fluvalinate�� (Mavrik)� *HO

� Lamda -Cyhalothrin (Scimitar, Battle) *M

� Permethrin (Astro, Spectracide)��� *B, *HO

*M = miticide ;�� *B = borers;��

*HO= Products available for home owners

Pyrethroid Properties

� Contact insecticides that act as neurotoxin

� Chemistry based on botanical extracts of Pyrethrum

� Long Residuals

� Toxic to fish and cats

� Toxic to bees

� Low mammalian toxicity

Chloronicotynil Properties

� Neurotoxins with action similar to chlorinated hydrocarbons

� Low mammalian toxicity

� Low duration of environmental persistence

Merit/Marathon (Bayer, Olympic)

��� Active ingredient: Imidacloprid

� Action: Soil applied systemic, Foliar, Injected

Material�� Action�� Residual�� Niche�

Diazinon�� Contact�� moderate�� none

Dursban�� Contact�� long�� borers, BVW

Bendiocarb �� Systemic�� long�� BVW, BBB�� leaf miners

Acephate�� Foliar Systemic.� �� moderate�� Suckers, leaf miners

Carbaryl�� Contact�� moderate�� borers

� Spectracide Bug Stop (permethrin) �� Homeowner Use

�� -Talstar, Scimitar, Battle, Mavrik, �� Deltagard

� Bifenthrin� (Talstar)�� *M

� Permethrin (Astro, Spectracide)�� B, HO

M = miticide ;�� B = borers;��

�� Active ingredient: Imidacloprid

�� Active ingredient: Thiamethoxam

�� (Interiorscape, lath-house, greenhouse)